The video · explainer

How to read a training study

A training study is built out of about seven choices, and every one of them is written down in the paper. Once you can see them, you can tell how far a finding travels. Five minutes, narrated, and no statistics required.

5:09 · 1920×1080 · English subtitles you can switch off Download the MP4

Every number in this video is traced to a source in the full write-up: read the complete explainer — nine sources, thirteen figures, and the fine print a video can't carry. Where something is our own estimate rather than a measurement, we say so.
Want to put a percentage into seconds? The free calculators — pace, race predictor, heart-rate zones, climbs and aero — each show the formula they use.
Music: “Carefree” — Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com), licensed under CC BY 4.0.